Institutional change in Russian corporate governance: an analysis of corporate disputes

Russia has been lagging behind most of the developed countries and some of the transition economies in terms of the corporate governance infrastructure (Woodruff, 2004). However, the challenge to develop strategic assets, particularly in the form of oil and gas reserves, produced the need to attract foreign capital and expertise. This in turn has led to a mounting pressure to improve fundamental characteristics of corporate governance such as the regulatory environment, enforcement mechanisms, corporate structure and transparency (Preobragenskaya, 2004). Since strategic assets are at the very heart of the still undiversified Russian economy, it is easy to see how corporate governance has become one of the top priorities on the agenda of national reforms (EU-Russia Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006). This study attempts to register the perceived change in the institutional context in Russia through analysing reported corporate disputes. Thematic template analysis is applied to the data on corporate conflicts taken from the English language Russian press. The results of the study suggest a positive change in perception about the role of formal institutions with reference to private entities and a negative change in terms of perception in relation to state entities. This conclusion is based on the comparison of corporate disputes and enforcement practices employed by the parties to corporate disputes reported in 1998 and 2006. On an academic level this study addresses a call in the literature to give more consideration to the particularities of the management environment and the fragility of its social systems in Russia (Kuznetsov & Kuznetsova, 2001) as well as complement understanding of Russian corporate governance by concentrating on the in-depth analysis of company behaviour (Iwasaki, 2007)

Positronium in a liquid phase: formation, bubble state and chemical reactions

This chapter reviews the following items: 1. Energy deposition and track structure of fast positrons: ionization slowing down, number of ion-electron pairs, typical sizes, thermalization, electrostatic interaction between e+ and its blob, effect of local heating; 2. Positronium formation in condensed media: the Ore model, quasifree Ps state, intratrack mechanism of Ps formation; 3. Fast intratrack diffusion-controlled reactions: Ps oxidation and ortho-para conversion by radiolytic products, reaction rate constants, interpretation of the PAL spectra in water at different temperatures; 4. Ps bubble models. "Non-point" positronium: wave function, energy contributions, relationship between the pick-off annihilation rate and the bubble radius

Institutional change in Russian corporate governance : an analysis of corporate disputes

Russia has been lagging behind most of the developed countries and some of the transition economies in terms of the corporate governance infrastructure (Woodruff, 2004). However, the challenge to develop strategic assets, particularly in the form of oil and gas reserves, produced the need to attract foreign capital and expertise. This in turn has led to a mounting pressure to improve fundamental characteristics of corporate governance such as the regulatory environment, enforcement mechanisms, corporate structure and transparency (Preobragenskaya, 2004). Since strategic assets are at the very heart of the still undiversified Russian economy, it is easy to see how corporate governance has become one of the top priorities on the agenda of national reforms (EU-Russia Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006). This study attempts to register the perceived change in the institutional context in Russia through analysing reported corporate disputes. Thematic template analysis is applied to the data on corporate conflicts taken from the English language Russian press. The results of the study suggest a positive change in perception about the role of formal institutions with reference to private entities and a negative change in terms of perception in relation to state entities. This conclusion is based on the comparison of corporate disputes and enforcement practices employed by the parties to corporate disputes reported in 1998 and 2006. On an academic level this study addresses a call in the literature to give more consideration to the particularities of the management environment and the fragility of its social systems in Russia (Kuznetsov & Kuznetsova, 2001) as well as complement understanding of Russian corporate governance by concentrating on the in-depth analysis of company behaviour (Iwasaki, 2007).EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Institutional change in Russian corporate governance : an analysis of corporate disputes

Russia has been lagging behind most of the developed countries and some of the transition economies in terms of the corporate governance infrastructure (Woodruff, 2004). However, the challenge to develop strategic assets, particularly in the form of oil and gas reserves, produced the need to attract foreign capital and expertise. This in turn has led to a mounting pressure to improve fundamental characteristics of corporate governance such as the regulatory environment, enforcement mechanisms, corporate structure and transparency (Preobragenskaya, 2004). Since strategic assets are at the very heart of the still undiversified Russian economy, it is easy to see how corporate governance has become one of the top priorities on the agenda of national reforms (EU-Russia Roundtable on Corporate Governance, 2006). This study attempts to register the perceived change in the institutional context in Russia through analysing reported corporate disputes. Thematic template analysis is applied to the data on corporate conflicts taken from the English language Russian press. The results of the study suggest a positive change in perception about the role of formal institutions with reference to private entities and a negative change in terms of perception in relation to state entities. This conclusion is based on the comparison of corporate disputes and enforcement practices employed by the parties to corporate disputes reported in 1998 and 2006. On an academic level this study addresses a call in the literature to give more consideration to the particularities of the management environment and the fragility of its social systems in Russia (Kuznetsov & Kuznetsova, 2001) as well as complement understanding of Russian corporate governance by concentrating on the in-depth analysis of company behaviour (Iwasaki, 2007).EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

MACHINE LEARNING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION IN THE HEALTHCARE SYSTEM AS A PROSPECTIVE AREA FOR SCIENCE, HEALTHCARE, AND BUSINESS

Relevance. The current state of medicine is imperfect as in every other field. Some main discrete problems may be separated in diagnostics and disease management. Biomedical data operation difficulties are a serious limiting factor in solving crucial healthcare problems, represented in the statistically significant groups of diseases. Accumulation of life science data creates as possibilities as challenges to effectively utilize it in clinical practice. Machine learning-based tools are necessary for the generation of new insights and the discovery of new hidden patterns especially on big datasets. AI-based decisions may be successfully utilized for diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of general health, prediction of risks, treatment solutions, and biomedical knowledge generation. Objective. To analyze the potential of machine learning algorithms in healthcare on exact existing problems and make a forecast of their development in near future. Method. An analytical review of the literature on keywords from the scientometric databases Scopus, PubMed, Wiley. Search depth 7 years from 2013 to 2020. Results. Analyzing the current general state of the healthcare system we separated the most relevant problems linked to diagnostics, treatment, and systemic management: diagnostics errors, delayed diagnostics (including during emergencies), overdiagnosis, bureaucracy, communication issues, and "handoff" difficulties. We examined details of the convenient decision-making process in the clinical environment in order to define exact points which may be significantly improved by AI-based decisions, among them: diagnosis of diseases, monitoring of general health, prediction of risks, treatment solutions, and biomedical knowledge generation. We defined machine learning algorithms as a prospective tool for disease diagnostics and management, as well as for new utilizable insights generation and big data processing. Conclusion. Machine learning is a group of technologies that can become a cornerstone for dealing with various medical problems. But still, we have some problems to solve before the intense implementation of such tools in the healthcare system

L\'evy-stable two-pion Bose-Einstein correlations in sNN=200\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200 GeV Au++Au collisions

We present a detailed measurement of charged two-pion correlation functions in 0%-30% centrality $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}=200$ GeV Au$+$Au collisions by the PHENIX experiment at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The data are well described by Bose-Einstein correlation functions stemming from L\'evy-stable source distributions. Using a fine transverse momentum binning, we extract the correlation strength parameter $\lambda$, the L\'evy index of stability $\alpha$ and the L\'evy length scale parameter $R$ as a function of average transverse mass of the pair $m_T$. We find that the positively and the negatively charged pion pairs yield consistent results, and their correlation functions are represented, within uncertainties, by the same L\'evy-stable source functions. The $\lambda(m_T)$ measurements indicate a decrease of the strength of the correlations at low $m_T$. The L\'evy length scale parameter $R(m_T)$ decreases with increasing $m_T$, following a hydrodynamically predicted type of scaling behavior. The values of the L\'evy index of stability $\alpha$ are found to be significantly lower than the Gaussian case of $\alpha=2$, but also significantly larger than the conjectured value that may characterize the critical point of a second-order quark-hadron phase transition.Comment: 448 authors, 25 pages, 11 figures, 4 tables, 2010 data. v2 is version accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. Plain text data tables for the points plotted in figures for this and previous PHENIX publications are (or will be) publicly available at http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/papers.htm